matsumoto_etal_2002.html
Bulletin of Glaciological Research 19 (2002) 71-80
©Japanese Society of Snow and Ice
Runoff and chemical characteristics of meltwater draining from Koryto Glacier, Kamchatka Peninsula, in 1996 and 1997
Takane
MATSUMOTO1,
Yoshinori IIZUKA2,
Yuji KODAMA1,
Yaroslav D. MURAVYEV3
and Keisuke SUZUKI4
1Institute
of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 19 , Nishi
8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819 Japan
2National Institute of Polar Research, Kaga 1-9-10,
Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8515 Japan
3Institute of Volcanology, Russian Academy of
Sciences, Piip Boulevard 9, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatky, Russia
4Department of Environmental Sciences, Shinshu
University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, 390-8621 Japan
Abstract
From July 9 to 19 in 1996, and from September 9 to 15 in 1997, hydrological and hydrochemical observations were carried out at the proglacial streams of Koryto Glacier, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. The discharge of Left Koryto River, one of the two streams draining from the glacier, varied showing a clear diurnal cycle between around 0.1 m3 s-1 and 1.2 m3 s-1 in 1997, whereas in 1996, the discharge increased gradually from 5.5 m3 s-1 to 7.5 m3 s-1. The mean concentration of Na+, the dominant cation, was 200 and 63 µ eq/l in the observation periods in 1996 and 1997, respectively. The anions were dominated by HCO3-, and its concentration was 149 and 63 µ eq l-1 in 1996 and 1997, respectively. Suspended sediment concentration varied linearly correlating with the discharge, from 0 to 0.2 g l-1. The mean value of non-snowpackSO42- / (non-snowpackSO42- + HCO3-) ratio of meltwater in Left Koryto River, which is a index of dominant reaction of chemical weathering in glacier drainage systems, was slightly higher in the 1997 period than in the 1996 period. This may indicates that inflow of surface meltwater affected subglacial drainage system and solute concentration of stream water even in early June in 1996. Using the chemically based mixing model, a separation of the hydrograph from September 12 to 13, 1997 into the two flow components was performed. The quick flow component reached its daily maximum after four hours from the solar noon. It never decreased to zero even in the time when the total discharge reached its minimum. The delayed flow component varied advancing four hours to the total discharge.
